INCOME TAXES |
12 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| INCOME TAXES | Ìý | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| INCOME TAXES |
19. INCOME TAXES ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýThe following is a summary of U.S. and non-U.S. provisions for current and deferred income taxes (dollars in millions): ÀÖÌìÌÃfun88(ÖйúÇø)¹Ù·½ÍøÕ¾ Corporation ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý
ÀÖÌìÌÃfun88(ÖйúÇø)¹Ù·½ÍøÕ¾ International ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý
ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýThe following schedule reconciles the differences between the U.S. federal income taxes at the U.S. statutory rate to our provision for income taxes (dollars in millions): ÀÖÌìÌÃfun88(ÖйúÇø)¹Ù·½ÍøÕ¾ Corporation ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý
ÀÖÌìÌÃfun88(ÖйúÇø)¹Ù·½ÍøÕ¾ International ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý
ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýAfter extensive research and analysis, in 2014, we made certain elections and filed amended U.S. tax returns for tax years 2008 through 2012, along with our original U.S. tax return for tax year 2013. These new tax elections and amended tax returns allowed us to utilize U.S. foreign tax credits. The net result was $104Ìýmillion of income tax benefit recognized during 2014 for the release of the associated valuation allowance. ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýDuring 2015, we declared a dividend from our non-U.S. operations to the U.S. which included bringing onshore certain U.S. foreign tax credits. The foreign tax credits brought onshore exceeded the amount needed to offset the cash tax impact of the dividend, as well as enough to allow us to carry $14Ìýmillion of foreign tax credits back to a prior year and claim a refund. ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýIncluded in the non-U.S. deferred tax expense are income tax benefits of $1Ìýmillion in 2016, $3Ìýmillion in 2015 and $7Ìýmillion in 2014 for losses from continuing operations for certain jurisdictions with valuation allowances to the extent that income was recorded in other comprehensive income in that same jurisdiction. The benefits in 2016 were largely attributable to South Africa, and the benefits in 2015 and 2014 were largely attributable to the U.K. In all years, foreign currency gains and changes in pension related items resulted in income in other comprehensive income where we have a full valuation allowance against the net deferred tax asset. An offsetting income tax expense was recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss. ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýWe operate in many non-U.S. tax jurisdictions with no specific country earning a predominant amount of our off-shore earnings. The vast majority of these countries have income tax rates that are lower than the U.S. statutory rate. During 2016 and 2014, the average statutory rate for countries with pre-tax income was lower than the average statutory rate for countries with pre-tax losses, resulting in net benefits as compared to the U.S. statutory rate of $47Ìýmillion and $7Ìýmillion, respectively, reflected in the reconciliation above. In 2016, the $47 million net benefit relates primarily to our Polyurethanes operations in The Netherlands and China and our Advanced Materials operations in Switzerland. During 2015, the average statutory rate for countries with pre-tax losses was lower than the average statutory rate for countries with pre-tax income, resulting in net expenses as compared to the U.S. statutory rate of $4Ìýmillion, reflected in the reconciliation above. ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýIn certain non-U.S. tax jurisdictions, our U.S.ÌýGAAP functional currency is different than the local tax currency. As a result, foreign exchange gains and losses will impact our effective tax rate. For 2016, this resulted in a $4Ìýmillion tax benefit, for 2015, this resulted in a $33Ìýmillion tax benefit ($58Ìýmillion, net of $25Ìýmillion of contingent liabilities and valuation allowances) and for 2014, this resulted in a $7Ìýmillion tax benefit. A number of our intercompany liabilities that were denominated in U.S. dollars were owed by entities whose tax currency was the euro. As a result of the depreciation in the euro opposite the U.S. dollar, these entities recorded a tax only foreign exchange loss. Most of the intercompany receivables associated with these same U.S. dollar denominated intercompany debts were held by entities with a tax currency of the U.S. dollar which, therefore, resulted in no taxable gain. ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýDuring 2015, we were granted an extension of a tax holiday from 2015 to 2022 on certain of our manufacturing operations in Singapore. During 2015, pursuant to the Singapore tax holiday, we recorded a benefit of $6Ìýmillion. We will continue to enjoy this benefit to the extent of continuing profits in this manufacturing endeavor. There were no net tax benefits recorded in 2016. ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýWe calculate deferred tax assets and liabilities related to U.S. state income taxes based on projected apportionment factors. During 2015, we experienced a decrease in our projected apportionment factors, which decreased our deferred tax liability for U.S. state income taxes. The amount of our deferred tax liability for U.S. state income taxes is significant, and therefore, the change in apportionment factors for 2015 decreased our net deferred tax liabilities by $5Ìýmillion. Also during 2015, we changed the legal entity location of certain of our U.S. operations. These changes had the effect of reducing our state tax expense by approximately $3Ìýmillion. ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýThe components of income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes were as follows (dollars in millions): ÀÖÌìÌÃfun88(ÖйúÇø)¹Ù·½ÍøÕ¾ Corporation ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý
ÀÖÌìÌÃfun88(ÖйúÇø)¹Ù·½ÍøÕ¾ International ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý
ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýComponents of deferred income tax assets and liabilities were as follows (dollars in millions): ÀÖÌìÌÃfun88(ÖйúÇø)¹Ù·½ÍøÕ¾ Corporation ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý
ÀÖÌìÌÃfun88(ÖйúÇø)¹Ù·½ÍøÕ¾ International ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý
ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýWe have gross NOLs of $3,407Ìýmillion in various non-U.S. jurisdictions. While the majority of the non-U.S. NOLs have no expiration date, $475Ìýmillion have a limited life (of which $448Ìýmillion are subject to a valuation allowance) and $3Ìýmillion are scheduled to expire in 2017 (all of which are subject to a valuation allowance). We had no NOLs expire unused in 2016. ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýIncluded in the $3,407Ìýmillion of gross non-U.S. NOLs is $940Ìýmillion attributable to our Luxembourg entities. As of DecemberÌý31, 2016, due to the uncertainty surrounding the realization of the benefits of these losses, there is a valuation allowance of $211Ìýmillion against these net tax-effected NOLs of $255Ìýmillion. ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýWe evaluate deferred tax assets to determine whether it is more likely than not that they will be realized. Valuation allowances are reviewed each period on a tax jurisdiction by jurisdiction basis to analyze whether there is sufficient positive or negative evidence to support a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax assets. These conclusions require significant judgment. In evaluating the objective evidence that historical results provide, we consider the cyclicality of businesses and cumulative income or losses during the applicable period. Cumulative losses incurred over the period limits our ability to consider other subjective evidence such as our projections for the future. Our judgments regarding valuation allowances are also influenced by the costs and risks associated with any tax planning idea. ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýDuring 2016, we established valuation allowances of $12Ìýmillion and released valuation allowances of $25Ìýmillion. In Italy we established $9Ìýmillion of valuation allowances on certain net deferred tax assets as a result of the sale of our European surfactants business, and in China we established $3Ìýmillion of valuation allowances as a result of the closure of our Qingdao, China plant. We released valuation allowances of $12Ìýmillion in Spain as a result of cumulative profitability, $7Ìýmillion in The Netherlands as a result of tax planning to utilize losses that would have otherwise expired, and $6Ìýmillion in France as a result of a tax combination allowing deferred tax liabilities to be offset by deferred tax assets which previously had a valuation allowance. ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýDuring 2015, we established valuation allowances of $35Ìýmillion and released valuation allowances of $3Ìýmillion. In the U.S., we established $14Ìýmillion of valuation allowance on U.S. foreign tax credits due to the application of specific foreign tax credit limitations, in The Netherlands we established $7Ìýmillion of valuation allowance on losses which are scheduled to expire after 2016, and in Italy we established $12Ìýmillion of valuation allowances on certain net deferred tax assets as a result of cumulative losses. ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýDuring 2014, we released valuation allowances of $111Ìýmillion and established valuation allowances of $3Ìýmillion. In the U.S., we released $94Ìýmillion of valuation allowance on U.S. foreign tax credits as a result of making certain tax elections and filing amended U.S. tax returns and in Luxembourg we released a valuation allowance on $6Ìýmillion of certain net deferred tax assets as a result of significant changes in estimated future taxable income resulting from increased intercompany receivables and, therefore, increased interest income in Luxembourg, our primary treasury center outside of the U.S. ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýUncertainties regarding expected future income in certain jurisdictions could affect the realization of deferred tax assets in those jurisdictions and result in additional valuation allowances in future periods, or, in the case of unexpected pre-tax earnings, the release of valuation allowances in future periods. ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýThe following is a summary of changes in the valuation allowance (dollars in millions): ÀÖÌìÌÃfun88(ÖйúÇø)¹Ù·½ÍøÕ¾ Corporation ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý
ÀÖÌìÌÃfun88(ÖйúÇø)¹Ù·½ÍøÕ¾ International ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý
ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýThe following is a reconciliation of our unrecognized tax benefits (dollars in millions): ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý
ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýAs of DecemberÌý31, 2016 and 2015, the amount of unrecognized tax benefits which, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate is $21Ìýmillion and $50Ìýmillion, respectively. ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýDuring 2016, we concluded and settled tax examinations on various non-U.S. jurisdictions including, but not limited to, China, Germany, Indonesia, The Netherlands, Spain and the U.K. During 2015, we concluded and effectively settled tax examinations in the U.S. (both federal and various states) and various non-U.S. jurisdictions including, but not limited to China and France. During 2014, we concluded and settled tax examinations in the U.S. (both federal and various states) and various non-U.S. jurisdictions including, but not limited to, China, France and Spain. ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýDuring 2016, for unrecognized tax benefits that impact tax expense, we recorded a net decrease in unrecognized tax benefits with a corresponding income tax benefit (not including interest and penalty expense) of $5Ìýmillion. During 2015 and 2014, we recorded a net increase in unrecognized tax benefits with a corresponding income tax expense (not including interest and penalty expense) of $19Ìýmillion and $1Ìýmillion, respectively. Additional decreases in unrecognized tax benefits were offset by cash settlements or by a decrease in net deferred tax assets and, therefore, did not affect income tax expense. ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýIn accordance with our accounting policy, we continue to recognize interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý
Ìý ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý
ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýWe conduct business globally and, as a result, we file income tax returns in U.S. federal, various U.S. state and various non-U.S. jurisdictions. The following table summarizes the tax years that remain subject to examination by major tax jurisdictions: ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý
ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýCertain of our U.S. and non-U.S. income tax returns are currently under various stages of audit by applicable tax authorities and the amounts ultimately agreed upon in resolution of the issues raised may differ materially from the amounts accrued. ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýWe estimate that it is reasonably possible that certain of our non-U.S. unrecognized tax benefits could change within 12Ìýmonths of the reporting date with a resulting decrease in the unrecognized tax benefits within a reasonably possible range of nil to $6Ìýmillion. For the 12-month period from the reporting date, we would expect that a substantial portion of the decrease in our unrecognized tax benefits would result in a corresponding benefit to our income tax expense. ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýFor non-U.S. entities that were not treated as branches for U.S. tax purposes, we do not provide for income taxes on the undistributed earnings of these subsidiaries that are reinvested and, in the opinion of management, will continue to be reinvested indefinitely. We have material intercompany debt obligations owed by our non-U.S. subsidiaries to the U.S. We do not intend to repatriate earnings to the U.S. via dividend based on estimates of future domestic cash generation and our ability to return cash to the U.S. through payments of intercompany debt owned by our non-U.S. subsidiaries to the U.S. To the extent that cash is required in the U.S., rather than repatriate earnings to the U.S. via dividend, we expect to utilize our intercompany debt. If any earnings were repatriated via dividend, we may need to accrue and pay taxes on the distributions. ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýAs discussed, we made a distribution of a portion of our earnings in 2015 when the amount of foreign tax credits associated with the distribution was greater than the amount of tax otherwise due. The undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries with positive earnings that are deemed to be permanently invested were approximately $390Ìýmillion at DecemberÌý31, 2016. It is not practicable to determine the unrecognized deferred tax liability on those earnings because of the significant assumptions necessary to compute the tax. |
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